Dry Eyes? Here’s What’s Causing It - And How to Get Relief

If your eyes constantly feel gritty, irritated, or watery, you’re not alone—and it may have more to do with your hormones than you think. “Estrogen and androgen levels play a vital role in the function of the tear-producing glands,” says Dr. Ashley Brissette, spokesperson for the American Academy of Ophthalmology and founder of Daily Practice by Dr B. “After menopause, a drop in estrogen can reduce tear production and increase evaporation.”

But menopause isn’t the only reason for dry eyes. Here's a breakdown of common causes—and what you can do to feel better.

1. Your eyelid oil glands aren’t functioning well

A top cause of dry eye is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). These tiny glands release oil that keeps your tears from evaporating too quickly. If they’re blocked or not working right, dryness follows. Often linked to eyelid inflammation (aka blepharitis), MGD can be treated with warm compresses, medications, or in-office procedures.

Expert tip: See your eye doctor to rule out MGD or other chronic dry eye conditions.

2. You might be low on vitamin D

A vitamin D deficiency can contribute to dry eye by increasing inflammation and reducing tear quality. A 2023 study found low D levels can worsen symptoms.

Solution: Ask your doctor to test your levels before starting any supplements.

3. You wear contact lenses

Contacts can interfere with the lipid layer that keeps moisture in, limit oxygen flow, and even disrupt blinking. Over time, they may contribute to MGD.

Pro tip: If dry eyes persist, consider switching to glasses or giving your eyes a contact lens break.

4. You’re over 60

Aging naturally affects tear production and gland function. Up to 20% of people over 80 experience dry eye disease (DED). Medications, health conditions like diabetes, or simply blinking less can all play a role.

Heads up: Some meds—like antihistamines, beta-blockers, and antidepressants—can worsen dry eyes.

5. You have an autoimmune condition

Diseases like Sjögren’s syndrome, lupus, or rheumatoid arthritis can damage tear-producing glands. Thyroid issues and diabetes can also reduce tear production.

Next steps: Talk to your provider about managing underlying inflammation or switching medications.

6. You stare at screens all day

Computer use = less blinking, which = faster tear evaporation. This can lead to tiny surface cracks in your eyes and more irritation.

Fix it with the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds—and don’t forget to blink.

7. You live in a dry climate

Dry air (including indoor AC) can increase tear evaporation. Moist environments are kinder to sensitive eyes.

Quick fix: Use a humidifier to add moisture to your space.

8. You have a skin condition like rosacea

Rosacea can affect the eyelids, clogging glands and worsening inflammation. This leads to thicker oils, poor gland drainage, and dry eyes.

Your move: Treating rosacea may improve eye symptoms. Talk to a dermatologist or ophthalmologist.

9. You’ve had laser eye surgery

Procedures like LASIK can temporarily disrupt corneal nerves, reducing tear production. Post-op drops may also irritate the eyes—but they’re important for healing.

Tip: Use artificial tears and be patient; dryness usually improves with time.

How To Treat Dry Eyes

You don’t have to suffer—many remedies are simple and accessible.

According to Dr. Brissette, the basics are key:

• Use preservative-free artificial tears daily

• Apply warm compresses to support oil flow

• Keep eyelids clean with gentle cleansers

• Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet (especially omega-3s and vitamin D)

  
  

For more persistent cases, your doctor may suggest:

• Prescription eye drops to boost natural tear production

• Punctal plugs to slow tear drainage

• Thermal pulsation therapy or meibomian gland expression

“These are safe, effective, and can be considered at any stage,” says Dr. Brissette.

Bottom Line

Whether it’s hormones, screen time, or underlying health conditions, dry eyes are treatable. Talk to your doctor to find the right plan based on your symptoms, health history, and lifestyle—and give your eyes the care they deserve.