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The Overlooked Impact of Concussions on Women: Why They’re More Vulnerable and Recover Differently


Concussions affect women differently than men, yet they are often overlooked in research and awareness efforts. Women are not only more likely to suffer concussions than men, but their symptoms can be more severe, recovery times longer, and side effects more complex—including potential impacts on menstrual cycles and hormone regulation. Despite this, studies on concussions in women remain significantly limited compared to those focused on men.


One major reason women experience concussions differently is biological. Women generally have less neck strength, meaning their heads are less stable upon impact. Additionally, the structure of the female brain, with more connections across the left and right hemispheres but thinner axons, makes it more vulnerable to injury. Hormonal fluctuations also play a role, particularly the function of the pituitary gland, which is responsible for regulating key reproductive hormones. When injured, it can disrupt menstrual cycles and even impact fertility.


The timing of a concussion within a woman’s menstrual cycle can also affect severity and recovery. Research suggests that if a woman suffers a concussion during the luteal phase, when progesterone levels are at their highest, the rapid drop in this hormone after injury may lead to more severe symptoms and longer recovery times.


In terms of symptoms, while men often report physical issues like headaches and nausea, women tend to experience more cognitive and emotional effects, such as difficulty concentrating, mood swings, and increased irritability. Women may also experience irregular periods, heavier bleeding, or even a complete halt in menstruation after a concussion due to hormone disruptions.


If a woman experiences a concussion, she should monitor her symptoms closely, including any changes to her menstrual cycle or emotional well-being, and consult a healthcare provider if issues persist. Seeking medical attention for lingering fatigue, mood changes, or disruptions in hormone balance is just as important as treating the initial injury.


To reduce the risk of concussions, experts recommend taking precautions in daily life, such as preventing falls, wearing helmets during physical activities, maintaining adequate vitamin D levels, engaging in strength training, and prioritizing quality sleep. Sleep is especially critical for brain recovery, as it helps the brain repair itself after trauma.


Despite growing awareness of concussions, there is still a significant gap in research on how they affect women specifically. Increasing awareness, advocating for more female-focused studies, and recognising the unique challenges women face after head injuries are essential steps toward better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

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